Prophylaxis of retained fetal membranes in dairy cattle

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of usage some drugs to avoid retention of placenta [fetal membranes] in dairy cattle. This study was carried out in private dairy farm. The age of cows ranged between 2-5 years. The animals were divided randomly into 2 groups. First group [20 cows] to study the effect of vitamin E and Selenium injection for [re-partum prophylaxis of RFM. Second group [30 cows] to study the effect of Oxytocin or Methyl ergometrine injection for post-partum prophylaxis of RFM. The results indicated that using vitamin E and Selenium injection pre-partum reduced the incidence percentage of retention of fetal membranes also the usage of Methergin or Oxytocin injection immediately post-partum reduced the incidence of retention of fetal membranes and improved the reproductive performance in dairy cattle

[Comparing intravenous oxytocin Vs. rectal misoprostol for third-stage management after second-trimester medically induced abortion]

Induction of medical abortion during the second trimester of pregnancy is considered under certain medical conditions. Abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy could be accompanied by several side effects including hemorrhage and placenta retention. Several types of medications including oxytocin, ergots, and prostaglandins are used to control and optimize the third stage of labor and condition of delivery. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous oxytocin versus rectal misoprostol for the management of the third stage of labor during pregnancy termination. In this randomized clinical trial, 80 pregnant women between 14 to 24 weeks of gestational age were randomly assigned into two intervention groups. Twenty units of intravenous oxytocin was used as the standard regimen and it was compared with 400 microg of rectal misoprostol to manage the third stage of labor. In this study, the frequency of placenta retention was significantly [P=0.034] lower in the misoprostol group [n=3, 7.5%] compared with oxytocin group [n=10, 25%]. The average duration of placenta delivery was significantly lower in the misoprostol group [7.95 min Vs. 19.22 min, respectively; P=0.015]. Decreases in hemoglobin concentration was not significantly different between the two groups. Generally, management of the third stage of labor in second-trimester abortions could reach a better outcome, regarding lower risks of placenta retention and duration of delivery, if rectal misoprostol is administered instead of intravenous oxytocin

Retained placenta: still a cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in a Nigerian semi-urban population

Retained placenta is associated with morbidity and mortality when left untreated. This study was done to determine the occurrence of retained placenta in our setting as well as to ascertain the possible risk factors, morbidities and mortality. This was a retrospective review of all cases of retained placenta over a three year period [March 2005 to March 2007]. There were 3542 deliveries, and of which 64 cases were of retained placenta. The incidence of retained placenta was 1.8% of all deliveries with a higher incidence in unbooked patients and a case fatality of 3.12%.The commonest complication was postpartum haemorrhage in 51[79.68%] of cases with blood transfusion rate of 47%. Complications associated with retained placenta could be reduced by adequate utilisation of health care facilities manned by skilled attendants; availability of blood transfusion services as well as effective and safe anaesthesia